Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Education for Sustainable Development Toolkit Essay -- Education

Reasonable improvement is advancement that keeps on meeting the necessities without trading off the capacity of people in the future to live quality existences of their own. Sustainable improvement is regularly thought to have three segments: condition, society, and economy. As per the toolbox the three are to be considered as covering, compatible circles. In which case, the zone of cover, or focus, is viewed as human prosperity. The further arrangement of said circles would inconclusively prompt the expansion of the middle, human prosperity. The equalization of every segment is gently reliant on the following. For instance, a solid, prosperous society depends on a sound situation to give food and assets, safe drinking water, and clean air for its residents. The supportability design denies the question that losses in the natural and social locales are unavoidable. This is what's more with the contention that the losses are satisfactory outcomes of monetary turn of events. In this ma nner, the creators believe maintainability to be a worldview for contemplating a future wherein ecological, cultural, and financial contemplations are adjusted in the quest for advancement and improved personal satisfaction. The lower white collar class is a sub-division of the more terrific working class. Exhaustively the term alludes to the gathering of white collar class family units or people who have not cultivated the status of the upper working class related with the eminence positions of the white collar class. The lower working class sets up about 33% of family units, comprising for the most part of semi-experts, for example, lower-level chiefs or teachers, entrepreneurs and gifted specialists. The lower white collar class sh... ...cap keeps on meeting the prerequisites without trading off the capacity of people in the future to live quality existences of their own. Supportable advancement is regularly thought to have three parts: condition, society, and economy. Maintainability is viewed as an original for considering a future where natural, cultural, and financial reflections are steady in the quest for extension and improved personal satisfaction. Works Cited Global Joural of Sustainability in Higher Education> Volume 4 issue 1. (2000). http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=839800&show=abstract Instruction for Development Toolkit> Version 2 (2002). http://www.esdtoolkit.org/conversation/whatisesd.htm Knowledge University of Gloucestershire> Sustainability Education (2005-2010). http://insight.glos.ac.uk/maintainability/Education/Pages/default.aspx

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Economic growth of Japan after 1945 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Monetary development of Japan after 1945 - Term Paper Example The net national investment funds (NNS) of an economy is determined from the contrast between its gross national reserve funds (GNS) and the pace of deterioration of the capital supply of the economy (Depr). NNS= GNS †Depr. Figure 2: Falling Savings in Japan after some time (Source: â€Å"World Bank†) In the above line chart, the pink line plainly shows the fall in the net national investment funds rate in Japan over the long run. The genuine financing cost is the pace of premium which is experienced by a speculator in the market in the wake of making up for the misfortune from swelling. The genuine loan fee (R) is determined based on the Fischer’s Equation. This condition clarifies that genuine loan cost is the basic distinction between the ostensible financing cost (N) and the swelling rate in an economy (I). R= N †I. The swelling rate for an economy is again determined from the customer value list (CPI) of a nation. CPI is the basic normal of a specific bus hel of products and enterprises created in country. I = [CPI(this year) †CPI(last year)]/CPI(last year) (Baumol and Blinder 77). Figure 3: Real Interest Rates of Japan after some time (Source: â€Å"World Bank†) The above chart clarifies the genuine loan fee in Japan throughout the years. The whole quantitative information with the end goal of the exploration in this paper is taken on yearly premise. The information table for the above line chart is given in Table 1 in the Appendix. Solow Model Analysis The Solow Model of development depends on the idea of since quite a while ago run monetary advancement inside the system of neo-traditional development model. The neo-traditional idea of development expresses that a nation can develop quickly after some time with the assistance of capital amassing, populace development, mechanical advancement and profitability. Figure 4: The Solow Model... As per the perspective on the neoclassical financial specialists, the mechanical advancement found in the economy of Japan ought to have encouraged the development of its national item. In addition, the innovative advancement in the nation ought to have diminished the utilization of work in its economy. Be that as it may, this isn't the genuine situation in Japans economy. The administration segment salary of the nation adds to most of its national pay. Over the most recent couple of years, Japan additionally needed to confront a serious decrease in its national salary, net local investment funds and genuine loan fees. This is on the grounds that, in reality, the hopeful perspective on endogenous development doesn't exist. The emergencies of credit and liquid capital in the market have decreased the degree of national salary in the economy of Japan (Paul 47). The fall in the degree of creation capacities has compelled to decrease the national salary of the vast majority of the nation s (like Japan) on the planet after the worldwide downturn. The decrease in the national pay has, consequently, brought about a fall of the per capita salary level of the nation. The fall in the pay level is thus answerable for the decrease in the net household reserve funds in Japan (Mankiw and Taylor 132). As the gross measure of reserve funds in Japan has fallen after some time, the quantity of venture openings in the nation has additionally declined. After the rise of globalization and advancement on the planet economy, the costs of the majority of the products and enterprises in the market are controlled by the free market powers of interest and gracefully.

Friday, August 21, 2020

E library free essay sample

The online eLibarary Management System is utilized to defeat the whole issue which they are confronting right now, and making total atomization of manual or self-loader procedure of library the board framework. †¢Improve the inquiry office and individuals and library staff ought to get all the data in a second. †¢Should able to utilize scanner tag peruser for simple approach to do book issue and get process. †¢Library part ought to have restricted and perused just access to the framework by means of web. †¢Library part should ready to see part profile and exchange information relevant just to them. †¢The administrator ought to have the option to enter or refresh ace data like publisher’s subtleties, writers and book subtleties in a single interface just, with all important item data being gotten by deals staff. †¢System Administrator must ready to control the entrance rights by every client according to necessity. †¢The application should bolster the ability to utilize multi client condition. We will compose a custom exposition test on E library or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page †¢The MIS Executive should ready to produce all kind of reports as and when required by the administration. Venture Members: This task is done in a gathering of two individuals. Task individuals are. 1. Atanu Maity 2. Issue Statement: Today the vast majority of the library is utilizing either manual framework for following the everyday action or they are utilizing work area, independent framework to deal with the everyday action. In this proposed online eLibrary Management System it will run in web or intranet and client can online check the book accessibility, they can look through the books, library staff can issue, get book, the executives can check the report from various area by means of web. It very well may be utilized multi area additionally as it tends to be facilitated in focal area. Venture Scope: From an end-client point of view, the eLibarary Management System Project comprises of two useful components: an improved accessible database for the pursuit books, overseeing library individuals, giving and getting books and a report age framework. †¢Search Books, Managing Library Members, Issuing and Receiving Books: An improved atomized online framework is created to look after Books, Authors, Publishers, Managing Library Members, Issuing and Receiving Books, figure late fine, gathering the Fine, and keep up the historical backdrop of exchange. †¢Report Generation: A Report Generation framework will be produced for the client and the executives of eLibarary Management System. This MIS framework will have the two subtleties and rundown type reports for examination the exchange, individuals, accessible books in stock Software Requirements: †¢. NET Framework 2. 0/3. 5 †¢IIS †¢SQL Server 2000/2005 Hardware Requirements: Processor: Preferably 2. 0 GHz or Greater. Smash : 512 MB or Greater. Constraints of the Software: This undertaking was made according to client prerequisite and there is heaps of further improvement should be possible in the territory of UI, database execution, and question preparing time. And so on. Future Enhancements: †¢Linking and coordination of other online sites. †¢Integration with other heritage bookkeeping database through Web Services †¢Connection to outsider OLAP applications †¢In the zone of information security and framework security. †¢Provide progressively online tips and help. †¢Implementation of ISBN BAR code peruser †¢To advance the question which is implanted in the framework.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Understanding The Incidents Of The Two Eight Financial Crisis

To understand the incidents that occurred in the two-thousand eight Financial Crisis one must understand what a mortgage is. Someone who wants to buy a house will often borrow hundreds to thousands of dollars from a bank. In return, that bank receives a piece of paper, called a mortgage. The bank often sells the mortgage to a third party. When an individual agrees to a mortgage, they are agreeing to pay back their loan in portions plus interest to whomever holds the mortgage. If the borrower does not repay the lender, the property will be taken back by whomever holds the mortgage; it is then sold to cover the debt. This process is known as foreclosure. If the borrower stops paying it s called a default. A default is when a debtor is†¦show more content†¦Mortgage back securities are created when large financial institutions attempted to secure mortgages. Basically, they bought thousands of individual mortgages, bundled them together, and would sell shares to investors. 3 Investors relished in these mortgage backed securities. They paid a higher rate of return than investors could get in other places, and appeared to be safe bets. Home prices increased; Leading lenders to believe the worst case scenario, homeowners would default on their mortgage, and they could sell the house for an additional amount of money. 1 At the same time, credit rating agencies continued to inform investors that mortgage backed-securities were safe investments. Investors were desperate to gain more securities. Promoting lenders to help create more of them. However, to create more, lenders needed more mortgages. This caused lenders to loosen their standards and provided loans to individuals with low income and poor credit. These are referred to as subprime mortgages.2 Eventually, some institutions begin using what is referred to as predatory ending practices to generate mortgages. They made loans without verifying income and offered absurd, adjustable rate mortgages with paym ents individuals could afford, at first, it became disorderly quickly. Subprime leading was a new practice at the time. These investments were becoming increasingly less safe. However, investors trusted rating, and continued to

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Liebeck V. Mcdonalds free essay sample

This paper will consider the facts associated with the case of Stella Liebeck versus McDonald’s, resulting from Ms. Liebeck’s efforts to collect for damages sustained when she spilled extremely hot coffee into her lap in 1992. The issues, applicable laws and the conclusion the jury reached will also be covered as well as the subsequent impacts on American tort law following this decision. The facts in the Liebeck case start with the incident description as recounted by Aric Press in the March 20, 1995 issue of Newsweek. Ms. Liebeck was a recently retired, 79 year old woman who ordered coffee at a McDonald’s drive through and received it in a lidded, styrofoam cup (Press, 1995, p. 32). After the order was picked up, her grandson pulled his car forward and stopped so that she could add cream and sugar to her coffee. After placing the cup between her knees since the car had no cup holders, she attempted to remove the plastic lid. The entire contents of the cup spilled into her lap, burning her severely. Subsequently, Ms. Liebeck suffered second and third degree burns on her groin, inner thighs and buttocks (Press, 1995, p. 2). Ms. Liebeck spent several days in the hospital for her burns and another period of weeks at home recuperating. Subsequently, she was readmitted to the hospital for skin grafts. (Press, 1995, p. 3). It was confirmed that the coffee was stored at a temperature of approximately 180 to 190 degrees, per industry standards (Howard, 1994, p. 1), which is likely to cause third degree burns with only a few seconds exposure. The temperature at which McDonald’s kept their coffee was reported to be approximately 40 degrees hotter than that made in a home brewed pot of coffee (Howard, 1994, p. ). McDonald’s had previously received reports of over seven hundred (700) burn incidents form scalding hot coffee and had not at all reacted to the situation (Press, 1995, p. 32). Prior to the incident in question, Ms. Liebeck had never before filed suit in her life (Coffin, 2004, p. 4). During the trial, testimony from the expert for the defense did not help their case when he told jurors that the number of burn cases was trivial in comparison to the number of cups of coffee sold annually (Gerlin, 1994, p. 2). In fact, he stated that, in perspective, the 700 complaints were â€Å"basically trivially different from zero† (Press, 1995, p. 32). One of McDonald’s executives testified that, in spite of their awareness of the issue, they had not consulted any experts in the field, and in fact had decided not to warn about the possibility of burns. This was in spite of the fact that they were aware of the danger and that most people would not consider danger to be an issue (Gerlin, 1994, p. 2). Ultimately, the case was settled for an undisclosed amount. Ms. Liebeck originally attempted to settle for as little as $2000, but McDonald’s only offered $800 (Press, 1995, p. 2). A primary issue at hand is what obligation does the defendant, McDonald’s, have to alert its customers that it’s coffee is excessively hot and can cause severe burns? Also, what responsibility does the consumer have in ensuring they understand this and take appropriate cautionary measures to avoid causing injury to themselves? What are the penalties associated with McDonald’s failure to protect its clientele? This case deals with product liability law. According to Kubasek, Brennan, and Browne, when consumers†¦purchase a product, they assume that the product will do the job the manufacturer claims it will do without injuring the consumer or anyone else (in Hartigan, ed. , 2004, p. 169). In this case, coffee purchased is presumed to be non-injurious by a reasonable person. Specifically, it is expected that coffee is hot, but is not presumed that it will cause injury to the degree that occurred in the Liebeck case. The plaintiff complained of negligence on the part of the defendant based on their failure to warn or negligence in failing to provide adequate warning (in Hartigan, ed. 2004, p. 169) of the hazard associated with excessively hot coffee. McDonald’s had as many as 700 reports of coffee that scalded customers, creating injuries (Gerlin, 1994, p. 1). The jury decided that the plaintiff was entitled to both compensatory damages of $200,000, reduced by $40,000 for her own negligence, and punitive damages totaling $2 . 7 million (Gerlin, 1994, p. 1). Gerlin (1994) goes on to state that â€Å"the jury found that McDonald’s had engaged in willful, reckless or malicious conduct† and subsequently used that for the basis of their punitive damages (p. ). The number settled on was equivalent roughly to two days worth of coffee sales companywide (Gerlin, 1994, p. 2). The jury concluded that McDonald’s behaved callously and punished them accordingly (Coffin, 2004, p. 4). The jury decided the warning on the cup was insufficient for the hazard (Press, 1995, p. 33). The jury applied the law correctly since it was determined that McDonald’s was acting outside the parameters of peers, had been previously warned of and settled cases associated with scald burns, and did ot properly or clearly notify patrons of the level of severity of the inherent danger. The standard of proof for success exists such that â€Å"the plaintiff must prove that the defendant knew or should have known that, without a warning, the product would be dangerous in its ordinary use†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kubasek, et. al. , in Hartigan, ed. , 2004, p. 172). In this case, the temperature of the item and the inadequate marking of the container, in the jury’s view, demonstrated negligence on the part of McDonald’s. Since no published opinion is apparent, it is unclear exactly what specific norms the judge and jury may have used in making their determinations, but I submit that the two primary ethical norms at odds in the case are justice and efficiency. Justice (Kubasek, et. al. , in Hartigan, ed. , 2004, p. 172). in this case supports the plaintiff’s claim that negligence was clear in the case and the plaintiff was, therefore, wronged, by the defendant and eligible to collect damages for the loss. The defendant, in their efforts to meet the needs of the marketplace, was interested in efficiency (Kubasek, et. al. , in Hartigan, ed. 2004, p. 172) and maximizing their ability to capitalize on consumers’ needs by serving hot coffee for enjoyment by its patrons. After the verdict, many, myself included, thought the American tort system had gone haywire. There were innumerable articles about the vastness of the award and most, including a column from the New York Daily news, Mighty Qui nn (1994), were aghast at such an award for something so seemingly innocuous. The media reports were not terribly detailed and, as such, many people’s perceptions about exactly what occurred were erroneous. Tort reform became a big topic at the state and federal levels. Congress set limits on punitive awards and malpractice awards (Press, p. 2). The case brought light to the enormous cost of civil litigation, pegged at $130 billion (Press, p. 2). The legal system was hurt by the case because there were many misperceptions created because of the sparse coverage provided. When the details came to light, it was easier to understand what had happened and, more importantly, why. Gerlin’s article provided some important clarity about the severity of the injury, McDonald’s behavior in failing to address previous complaints and McDonald’s unwillingness to deal fairly with an injured patron. In deference to the decision, McDonald’s helped future customers by apparently lowering the temperature at which coffee is dispensed. A local reporter found the temperature to be a â€Å"comparatively cool 158 degrees† the day after the verdict at the McDonald’s in question (Gerlin, 1994, p. 3). If I were serving my coffee at that temperature, I would probably dial it down a bit and certainly eliminate pouring where patrons could be scalded. Ultimately, the consumer drives the business. Clearly, customers want their food and beverages prepared properly. As stated by Terry Dort, executive director of the National Council of Chain Restaurants, â€Å"Coffee in our industry is served between 180 to 190 degrees. That is what manufacturers recommend, and that is what customers want† (Howard, 1994, p. 1). In conclusion, the case and subsequent evaluation have been an excellent reference on the importance of evaluating all the facts prior to reaching a conclusion. Public perception of the case, and indeed my own, were of a woman who sought to bend the system in her favor and squeeze cash from a large corporation. In reality, it appears that it was McDonald’s who was the wrongdoer and was justly and finally punished for their transgressions. The media portrayal was very distorted and only focused on the elements of the award and incident, but not the sum of the facts. The media focused on a relatively simple event that almost everyone has experienced and left out the legalities of the issue. Additionally, follow up rarely reported that the award was reduced and eventually that an out of court settlement was reached.

Saturday, April 18, 2020

The significance of the shifts in narrative perspective in Frankenstein Essay Example

The significance of the shifts in narrative perspective in Frankenstein Paper Mary Shelley uses many different narrators inside her story, including Walton, through letters, followed by Victor, and in Volume 2, the Monster themselves. It has various effects on the flow of the story, and its main effect is that it helps the reader to understand the characters in the novel much more easily and also provide the perspectives of various people, to get a feel of what society was at that time, and also to break certain stigmas that were present at that time. This can be seen in all three narrators in the book- Robert Walton, another fellow mad scientist, Victor, the protagonist and the Monster, the main antagonist. Firstly, the main use of Walton in the story helps us understand how a scientist during that time period perceives another scientist with the same intentions and sacrifices as himself. This is because in those ages, when we think of scientists, people often think that they are mad and abandon all of their families and their humane qualities in the quest for unlocking the ultimate secrets of nature- for Walton, the true magnetic North and for Victor, the ultimate goal of being able to play god. But however, this is not true. For example, when Victor arrives at Waltons ship, Walton kindly helps and tries to care for Victor until he has fully recuperated. He also writes in his letters about Victors conditions to Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on The significance of the shifts in narrative perspective in Frankenstein specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The significance of the shifts in narrative perspective in Frankenstein specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The significance of the shifts in narrative perspective in Frankenstein specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Saville and in his letters in the last chapter, said my chief attention was occupied by my unfortunate guest(Page 218) and also, he makes friendly ties with Victor, so that Victor can tell his unfortunate tale completely. Hence, by showing all of these humane qualities between the two, and also by showing how they become friends and care for each other, Shelley wants to break the social stigma of that time that scientists are all bad due to the horrendous acts they commit- for example, stealing bodies from the grave, to the point that they no longer have any human traits. Therefore, the use of Walton as a narrator helps us understand how scientists view each other at that time and also to show how the perception of the general public is flawed. Next, the writer uses the narrative perspective of Victor to make us understand how a mad scientist sees himself, and also to see how a mad scientist is not always mentally ill from the beginning, but rather has good intentions that go haywire. Furthermore, the usage of first-person perspective makes us able to understand Victors feelings in a better way rather than if a third person narrator was used. This is shown by Victors true intentions such as the main aim of building the monster- to relieve the grief felt from the departure of loved ones. However, it turns haywire, which is instantly realised when we encounter Victors dream of him kissing his beloved Elizabeth, then followed by the dying corpse of his own mother. That is when everything begins to go wrong. His feelings is also pronounced- for example, we can see what was going through Victors mind when the Monster tried to persuade him to create a female monster- He compassionated at his words but immediately felt disgusted when he saw the Monsters face. By showing all of these aspects of Victors initial good intentions, she aims, again to break the social stigma that mad scientists are all mad from birth and have no good will, by showing Victors innocent childhood and also how his monster was built on good intentions. Furthermore, we can also delve deeper into the mad scientists mind by the usage of the first person narrator, enabling us to see his feelings and thoughts at any moment, discovering the real feelings of Victor- trying to hide from the worry of failure and also its adverse effects, and also his initial desire to succeed at all costs- to prove his detractors wrong. Hence, as a result, we get a better understanding of what a mad scientist is like in those times and find that it was not as bad as people often imagined. Finally, the usage of the Monster as a narrator makes us understand what happens when a man tries to play god and imitate a human- what will the creation feel? The usage of the Monster as an abandoned creation by its creator despite its relative success also shows the perspective of young orphans, and reflects a common trend in the society at that time. This is shown in many ways- for example, when the Monster gathers firewood for the family but is hated by everyone instead, and also how he feels dejected at the very behaviour of the people. He also eventually escalates to the point of getting revenge once his appeal for a female monster is rejected. The overall effect of this is that we get a reflection on the society at that time being too orientated on looks, and also how the novel scrutinises it by Shelleys clever writing which makes us sympathise the ugly Monster, whereas we see every other person in the book looks at him in disgust. Also, we can better understand the feelings of a failure in the society such as orphans whom have no companion and anyone to look after them, and is continually looked down upon by the society. As a result, we can better understand the Monsters role and his significance in the society at that time by using him as the first narrator. In conclusion, Mary Shelley uses the three narrators in a Mise-en-Abyne fashion to slowly delve deeper into the story, and in the process, understand the three narrators, whom are characters in a first-hand manner. Shelley also uses these three characters which have unique roles as narrators to help her break certain social stigmas present at that time. But overall, the usage of various narrators in the book helps us understand the story better.

Saturday, March 14, 2020

Jefferson and Madison essays

Jefferson and Madison essays Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, who were republicans, were against what they regarded as an intensity and misuse of power in the hands of the federalists in the Washington and Adams management. Alexander Hamilton, the secretary of treasury, had a major impact on the ideas proposed during the administration of Washington. Before the time of their presidency, Jefferson and Madison were completely opposed to Hamiltons ideas and devices. Hamilton believed in a strong central government led by a prosperous, educated elite of upper-class citizens. He was also a loose constructionist, who believed that the government was able to do anything as long as the Constitution did not specifically forbid it from doing so. Hamilton, as well as Washington and Adams, was more of a pragmatist. Having a grip on reality aided in making wiser decisions. When elected President, Jefferson and Madison, compromised their position they held against the Federalists, by contradicting their belief syste m and siding more with Hamiltons ideas. Before his presidency, Jefferson was a strict constructionist, who believed that the government could not do anything except what the Constitution specifically empowered it to do. His contradiction to this belief was the Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase, which included all of the land drained by the western tributaries of the Mississippi River, doubled the size of the United States. Jefferson, who purchased the land from Napoleon, realized that the vast new lands could form the empire of liberty that was his vision for the nation. Feeling uncertain that the purchase was constitutional, Jefferson used loose constructionism as his excuse for purchasing the land. At the time, Jefferson feared that Napoleons intention with the land, which was to use the territory as a breadbasket for the French West Indies, would force the United States into an alliance with Britain....

Wednesday, February 26, 2020

An Examination of the Benefits, Issues and Impact of Implementing the Dissertation

An Examination of the Benefits, Issues and Impact of Implementing the Integrated Electronic Patient Record System in the UK - Dissertation Example This system provides accessibility and flexibility advantages for both medical personnel and patients; it improves information management and communications, and ultimately improves patient care. On the other hand, there are issues concerning privacy and security of patient information, and its development is very costly and an administrative burden. Moreover, there are still concerns over patient safety. The development of an IEPRS in the UK began in 2002, but the project was beset by continual delays due to the enormity and complexity of the task and escalating costs. In the end, it was abandoned in September 2010. The focus of the investigation thus turned to the experiences of its implementation at local NHS Trusts. Recommendations are also discussed to ensure the effectiveness of an IEPRS by addressing the concerns. An analytical research method was then adopted to further examine the implementation of an IEPRS in the UK. Its findings are discussed and conclusions are drawn foll owed by the researcher's own recommendations. Keywords: medical records, medical information, Integrated Electronic Patient Record System, medical information security, medical information management Table of Contents Section1: Introduction 5 Purpose of the study 5 The UK’s Integrated Electronic Patient Record System 5 Issues related to the implementation of an IEPRS 7 Research Objectives 8 Section 2: Research Methodology and Approach 10 Adopted method of research 10 Justification for the adopted method 11 Limitations 13 Section 3: Literature Review 14 Benefits of an IEPRS 14 General benefits 14 Range, access and flexibility 14 Improved information management 15 Improved communications and patient care 16 Barriers and Issues 16 General risks 16 Privacy and security 17 Information suitability, flexibility and accessibility 17 Financial barriers 18 Administrative burden 19 Patient safety 20 Other concerns 21 Summary of challenges 21 Impact of an IEPRS implementation 22 NHS†™ abandonment of the system 22 Continuation of the implementation at local levels 22 EPR systems in practice 24 EPR system guidelines 25 Elements of the security of patient records 29 Recommendations for an effective IEPRS 30 Raising awareness 30 Promoting involvement 30 Accessibility 30 Information management 30 Information security 31 Ensuring patient safety 35 Remaining concerns 37 Section 4: Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations 39 References 44 CARAT Completeness, Accuracy, Relevance, Accessibility, Timeliness DCR Detailed Care Record DoH Department of Health DPA Data Protection Act EDMS Electronic Document Management Software EMR Electronic Medical Record EPRS Electronic Patient Record System ERDIP Electronic Record Development and Implementation Project FOI Freedom of Information HCHC House of Commons Health Committee HCP Health Care Practitioner (or Provider) HIS Health Information System IEPRS Integrated Electronic Patient Record System IMS Information Management Syst em IT Information Technology LOD Limit of Detection LOQ Limit of Quantitation NAST National Association for Science and Technology NCRS NHS Care Records Service NHS National Health Service (UK) NIGB National Information Governance Board NPfIT National Programme for Information Technology NPSA National Patient Safety Agency PAS Patient Administration System PDS Personal Demographics Service RCGP Royal College of General Practitioners SCR Summary Care Record SUS Secondary Uses Service Project proposal An Examination of the Benefits, Issues and Impact of Implementing the Integrated Electronic Patient Record System in the UK Section1: Introdu

Monday, February 10, 2020

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Research Paper Example d.). Have we enough resources to feed them all and to give them a comfortable life is the burning question since the last century. Fortunately the concern to answer this question is increasing day by day. Not only the demographers, economists and the qualified scholars are trying hard to answer it but the layman in the street is quibbling about it in the hope to find a clear picture of the whole situation. Wiraj and John are two students studying in an American University. John is the native so he represents the thoughts and ideas of the developed world while Wiraj is a Sudanese student belonging to one of the poorest countries of the world. Thus the debate becomes interesting as both of them unveil the two extreme existing conditions of the world in which the people are living. John: Hello Wiraj , how are you ? Remember the last time we met and talked about overpopulation and scarcity of resources, you were of the opinion that the misuse of the resources and not the overpopulation g enerating the scarcity. I was not able to refute you as I was not well prepared but now I have done my homework and I can prove that over population is the main cause of all our problems. You know that after the agricultural and industrial revolution the human population increased dramatically. The main causes were better medical facilities and better sanitation conditions. The death rate decreased and the mortality rate among the new born was also lowered down thus increasing the number of people inhibiting the earth. This growing population used the natural resources that were present everywhere in abundance. Take the example of coal, in 17th century the people used to pick coal from the surface of the earth. Now we have to dig deep to get it. It is hard to believe that your country is suffering from all kinds of problems due to overpopulation and you are not facing the facts. Tell me honestly what do you think is the main difference between America and Sudan. Let me give you some rough estimation, the average annual income in Sudan is 266.35$ while in America it is 33,070.30$(NationMaster. n. d.). it mean in Sudan people are living below poverty line. Wiraj: I think the main difference is that in Sudan we lack good governance. Our leaders are usually corrupt and incompetent. We never have a stable government as there is so much diversity of racial, religious and ethnical groups that it is hard to harness them under one power. Moreover we have a long history of colonial slavery. In 1956 we got independence from British Empire. Then we have our first civil war which lasted for almost seventeen years. The second civil war is fought for six years. You can imagine the excessive waste of all types of resources and also more than one million people died in these wars (Sudanese stories, n. d.). John: My God, if those one million people would have been living and producing more children what would be the condition of your country? Wiraj: My father says that every ch ild brings one mouth to feed but two hands to work. Our people think that the children are their strength and will support them in their old age. We still have joint family system in our country. Don’t you think that this individual living style is a waste of resources, the separate houses, the separate cars and the separate property? John: I can’

Thursday, January 30, 2020

Inductively Coupled Plasma †Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Essay Example for Free

Inductively Coupled Plasma – Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Essay The aim of this practical was to use an ICP-OES to perform a multi-elemental analysis of different types of tea. The elements that were analysed in the tea were copper, iron, manganese and magnesium. The sample is introduced into the plasma as an aerosol. Argon gas flows through three concentric quartz tubes in the plasma torch. This argon gas transports the sample from the nebulizer, acts as a cooling gas and is also a source of electrons and ions for the plasma [1]. A magnetic field is created around the plasma torch. The ionisation process is started by the ignition of the argon gas from a spark produced by a tesla coil [1]. During this process the plasma reaches a very high temperature and the sample is atomised. The atoms are then excited to a higher state. Since this is an emission analysis, the analysis is performed as the atoms emit energy and return to a lower energy state or their ground state. A spectrometer or monochromator is used to select the wavelength that is being analysed. The multi-element detector then gives us a readout that can be understand for each element that is analysed Explain the benefits and limitations of plasma over a conventional flame used for FES with photometry and AAS. The benefits of using plasma are that the chemical interferences are decreased due to the high temperatures that the plasma reaches and refractory elements can also undergo excitation. There are also many wavelength for different that can be chosen for analysis so you don’t have two elements that have wavelengths that are close to each other as this would interfere with the analysis. A limitation is that spectral overlap can occur and the preparation of the samples is a very long process compared to that of the flame spectrometry Data Show the calculations for you multi-element standard. Instrument: Perkin Elmer OES (optima 5300 DV) The preparation of multi-element standard 1000ppm solutions of (Cu), (Fe),(Mg) and (Mn ) were given. A working standard solution containing the entire four elements was prepared in the following way; 1 ml, 10 ml and 5 ml of Fe, Mg, and Mn were respectively added in one 100 ml volumetric flask. A solution of Cu was prepared separately (intermediate solution) by placing 1 ml of the 1000ppm Cu solution in a 100 ml volumetric flask and made up to the mark with distilled water, the resulting concentration was 10ppm. The formula that was used to calculate the volume of the 1000ppm Cu solution needed to prepare 10ppm solution in a 100 ml volumetric flask is; C1V1 = C2V2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ equation 1 Where C1 is the initial concentration C2 is the final concentration V1 is the volume of the initial concentration V2 is the total volume of the initial concentration and the solvent The volume of the barium required was calculated as follows C1V1 = C2V2 1000ppm x V1 = 1ppm x 100ml V1 = 10 ppm x 100 ml 1000 ppm = 1 ml Then 1 ml of the 10 ppm Cu solution was placed in the 100 ml volumetric flask that contained the other three elements, and made up to the mark with distilled water, this was the working standard solution. Using equation 1 it is found that the concentrations of the elements in the working standard solution are as follows. Explain why the type of sample preparation carried out was necessary. The Acid digestion was suitable because a complete transfer of analyte into the solution in order for the determination step to be introduced in liquid form is highly desirable and this method completely transfers the analyte into solution. This thus means that the digested sample is a complete solution of the analyte and has a complete decomposition of the matrix however with minimal loss or contaminated of the analyte Explain what matrix matching is and what problems may arise if this is not carried out. Matrix matching involves preparing solutions in which the major chemical compositions of the standards, blanks and samples are made identical thereby cancelling out the effect of the sample matrix on the analysis results. While matrix matching involves matching the solvents, it also involves matching the concentrations of acids and other major solutes. In case where the standard and sample matrices are quite different or cannot be matched and interference occurs as a result, internal standards can be used. Comment on the correlation coefficient of your calibration graphs. The correlation coefficient measures the strength in the linear relationship between two variables. A correlation coefficient of 1 would mean a very strong linear relationship between two variables, which means the points form a perfect straight line. The correlation coefficients for the calibration graphs were very good. The calibration graphs for copper, iron, magnesium, and manganese gave correlation coefficients of 0.991539, 0.991005, 0.999874, and 0.999952 respectively. This shows that the samples were prepared very well and that there is a strong linear relationship between the emission and the concentrations of the elements. Compare the different elements in the different types of tea. Which tea would you recommend and why? The tea that seems to be most essential for human consumption is the green tea owing to the high content of each and every element present in it. It has high concentration of manganese which is a vital substance in the body as it is an enzyme activator; it keeps bones strong and healthy, and also maintains the health of our nerves. References 1. Dr L Pillay, Chem 340, Instrumental Analysis, ICP-OES notes 2. http:// www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=nutrint dbod=77(accessed 16/04/2013) 3. http://www.chemplex.com/petrochemical/multielementMetal.aspx(accessed 16/04/2013)

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Business Ethics Essay -- Papers

Business Ethics Business ethics is a diverse field that cannot be defined with a single definition. This area addresses numerous issues, problems, and dilemmas within the management of businesses. Does this through numerous perspectives and methods. Of course, in order to present the complexities of business ethics, we must explore the types of issues that business professionals are continuously confronted with. To understand one must know the definition of corporate ethics as well as knowing what the ethics of responsibility are. After defining what ethics are, we then need to see how these are played out within management. This will show the decline and fall of business ethics over time and how whistle blowing has played its part. Business ethics not only portray humans, but also how businesses treat the environment. The majority of European and U.S. CEO's and higher ranking managers define corporate ethics as a subject that is to be dealt with at three levels; (1) the corporate mission, (2) constituency relations, and (3) policies and practices. The corporate mission is the most easily recognized and widely applicable category. Executives say that the enterprise in which they are engaged in, and the products or services that they market, should serve an essentially ethical purpose and that a companies first ethical responsibilities are defined by the nature of their objectives (Madsen and Shafritz, 1990). Managers also speak of constituency relations when formulating their company's ethical standards. This usually requires the creation of statements of corporate responsibilities for each individual company. Most of the codes describe the company's commitment toward certain groups rather than... ...from all. Business ethics are complicated, multi-issue problems that are ever changing in our fast-paced world. It is a very complex issue entailing many things from corporate ethics to the ethics of responsibility. Whistle blowing is one result of declining corporate ethics and the decline of ethics has declining corporate ethics and the decline of ethics has led to negative impact on the environment. These complex issues must be addressed or an ever increasing basis in the future. REFERENCES Madsen, Peter. Shafritz, Jay, M. (1990). Essentials of Business Ethics. New York, NY: Author. The Wall Street Journal. (1989). Dow Jones and Company Inc. Magnet, Myron. (1988). The Decline and Fall of Business Ethics. Fortune: Time Inc. Benson, G. C. S. (1982). Business Ethics in America. Lexington MA: D.C. Heath and Company.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

Human motivation Essay

In studying human motivation, one of the key concepts includes the notion of needs and drives which may be the spring boards of actions or behavior. In line with these, efforts were exerted to look into the possible link of control of one’s impulsivity and certain critical behaviors that may affect any individual undertaking, his normal development through life’s stages, and possibilities of disorders or problems with the person’s overall functioning (Baumeister et al. ; Mischel et al, 1989). There is an offshoot of these studies (Hom and Knight, 1996) which highlights delayed gratification and the advantages of individuals who understand either by training or by serendipitous circumstances the rationality of their choices. Delaying the gratification of certain desires at the present entails certain calculations of the possible effects of these options at a certain point in the future. It involves the understanding of â€Å"profiting† from what the self is deprived of at the present to secure a better output or outcome in the near future. According to studies, a person who has been reared to control many of the urges to satisfy immediate needs or wants, may reap immense benefits in terms of significant life choices; choices that spell longevity (living physically healthy), prospect of better income, and healthier relationships. There are various reasons offered why this is so, but more often, the results of these choices to delay gratification oftentimes reveal the benefits; otherwise, when immediate satisfaction is allowed in most cases, the awareness of detrimental effects becomes a stark reality. The issue pertains to persistence, control, character development, cementing of values that enables a person to become an asset rather than become a liability to one’s community. Implications of a person’s ability to delay his or her immediate gratification (because of the prospect of more favorable results later) include responsibility over his/her actions and decisions and thereby increasing awareness of consequences including those which not only impact his/her own survival but also the effects of his/her decisions and actions to the people around (Mischel et al, 1989). References: 1. Baumeister, Roy, Brandon Schmeichel,Kathleen Vohs. Self-regulation and the Executive function: The Self as controlling agent. Accessed October 13, 2008 http://72. 14. 235. 104/search? q=cache:qpSCcMZijV0J:www. csom. umn. edu/assets/71708. pdf+Explain+the+value+and+importance+of+delayed+gratification+in+human+motivation&hl=tl&ct=clnk&cd=46&gl=ph 2. Hom, Harry, Jr. Heather Knight, 1996. Delay of Gratification: Mothers’ Predictions about Four Attentional Techniques; Journal of Genetic Psychology, Vol. 157. 3. Mischel, W. , Shoda, Y. & Rodriguez, M. L. 1989. Delay of gratification in children. Science, 244, 933-938.

Monday, January 6, 2020

An Evolution of the Human Brain

Human organs, much like the human heart, have changed and evolved over the history of time. The human brain is no exception to this natural phenomena. Based on Charles Darwins idea of Natural Selection, species that had larger brains capable of complex functioning seemed to be a favorable adaptation. The ability to take in and understand new situations proved invaluable to the survival of Homo sapiens. Some scientists believe that as the environment on Earth evolved, humans did as well. The ability to survive these environmental changes was directly due to the size and function of the brain to process the information and act upon it. Early Human Ancestors During the reign of the Ardipithecus Group of human ancestors, brains were very similar in size and function to those of a chimpanzee. Since the human ancestors of that time (about 6 million to 2 million years ago) were more ape-like than human, the brains needed to still function like that of a primate. Even though these ancestors tended to walk upright for at least part of the time, they did still climb and live in the trees, which requires a different set of skills and adaptations than that of modern humans. The smaller size of the brain at this stage in human evolution was adequate for survival. Toward the end of this time period, the human ancestors began figuring out how to make very primitive tools. This allowed them to begin hunting larger animals and increase their protein intake. This crucial step was necessary for brain evolution since the modern human brain requires a constant source of energy to keep functioning at the rate it does. 2 million to 800,000 Years Ago Species of this time period began moving to different places across the Earth. As they moved, they encountered new environments and climates. In order to process and adapt to these climates, their brains began to get bigger and perform more complex tasks. Now that the first of the human ancestors had begun to spread out, there was more food and room for each species. This led to an increase in both body size and brain size of the individuals. Human ancestors of this time period, like the Australopithecus Group and the Paranthropus Group, became even more proficient in tool making and got a command of fire to help keep warm and cook food. An increase in brain size and function required a more diverse diet for these species and with these advances, it was possible. 800,000 to 200,000 Years Ago Over these years in the history of the Earth, there was a large climatic shift. This caused the human brain to evolve at a relatively rapid pace. Species that could not adapt to the shifting temperatures and environments quickly went extinct. Eventually, only Homo sapiens from the Homo Group remained. The size and complexity of the human brain allowed individuals to develop more than just primitive communication systems. This allowed them to work together to adapt and stay alive. Species whose brains were not large or complex enough went extinct. The different parts of the brain, since it was now large enough to not only accommodate instincts necessary for survival but also more complex thoughts and feelings, were able to differentiate and specialize in various tasks. Parts of the brain were designated for feelings and emotion while others stayed with the task of survival and autonomous life functions. The differentiation of the parts of the brain allowed humans to create and understand languages to communicate more effectively with others.